Results / Research

Deliverable 8.2 LCA and LCC of prototype cell (M30) and complete system

Deliverable D8.2 presents the first environmental and economic assessment of the sodium-ion capacitor technology developed within the MUSIC project. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) methodologies, the study identifies key environmental hotspots and cost drivers related to materials, electrolytes and manufacturing processes. The findings provide valuable insights to improve sustainability, reduce production costs and support future industrial scale-up.

Publications

Perspectives on the performance metrics of metal-ion capacitors at laboratory scale

Ensuring common metrics is essential for the comparison of different energy storage devices. While considerable work has been done to standardize the testing and evaluation of battery and electrochemical capacitor systems, their hybrid – metal-ion capacitors (MICs) – has been less explored. This perspective therefore identifies the most important performance metrics for MICs based on the accuracy of the metric determination as well as industrial and use-case relevancy.

Deliverables

D4.2 Electrode-electrolyte interaction análisis

D4.2 – Electrode-electrolyte interaction analysis investigates the interfacial processes that influence pre-sodiation, gas evolution and SEI formation in sodium-ion capacitors. The study compares disodium squarate and disodium croconate using advanced operando and spectroscopic techniques, revealing clear differences in their behaviour and providing valuable insights for optimising material selection, safety and long-term cell performance.

Deliverables

Deliverable 7.3 Electrical characterisation of LIC modules

Deliverable D7.3 reports the electrical characterization and functional validation of a preliminary 12 V module developed within The MUSIC Project using commercial lithium-ion capacitor cells as a technological analogue for future sodium-ion capacitor cells. The work validates the performance of the innovative Supercapacitor Management System (i-SMS), including sensing, passive balancing, protection mechanisms and thermal management, across different temperatures and current profiles. The results confirm safe module operation within defined limits, demonstrate improved voltage and thermal uniformity, and provide key design lessons for the future MUSIC sodium-ion capacitor module, particularly in relation to mechanical integration, heat dissipation and system-level safety.

Publications

Recycled carbon fibers as viable anode materials for sodium-ion capacitors

This publication explores a new high-value application for recycled carbon fibers as electrode materials for sodium-ion capacitors. The study evaluates PAN-based and pitch-based recycled carbon fibers recovered through different recycling processes and compares their structural, physical and electrochemical properties with conventional hard carbon. The results show that recycled carbon fibers can effectively store sodium ions and, in particular, outperform hard carbon at high current rates. This highlights their strong potential for power-oriented energy storage applications, while also contributing to the valorization of end-of-life composite materials within a circular economy approach.

Deliverables

Deliverable 3.1 Synthesis of advanced active materials

Deliverable 3.1 focuses on the development of new active materials to enhance the performance of sodium-ion capacitors

Deliverables

The MUSIC project 2nd Trifold

The updated MUSIC project trifold provides an overview of the project’s objectives, consortium, and technological roadmap, while reflecting the progress achieved to date. It highlights where MUSIC currently stands along the development pathway — from novel materials and advanced characterisation to electrode prototyping and module-level validation — and illustrates how the project is advancing towards sustainable, high-performance sodium-ion capacitors for energy, industry, and transport applications.

Publications

Slurry process optimization through rheological investigation for electrochemical capacitors

This publication presents a rheological study on slurry process optimization for electrochemical capacitors, exploring how aqueous-processed slurries and controlled mixing affect electrode quality and performance. The research shows that monitoring the rheological evolution during slurry preparation — a key stage in electrode manufacturing — can significantly reduce energy consumption and processing time. Optimising the slurry mixing protocol resulted in a ~35 % reduction in processing time, while producing electrodes with improved mechanical strength and electrochemical rate capability comparable to standard methods. The approach highlights a cost-effective pathway to more efficient and sustainable electrode production for electrochemical energy storage technologies.

Deliverables

D1.1. Project Management Handbook

The purpose of this Project Management Handbook is to provide guidance to all MUSIC project partners and to support them in finding relevant information quickly and easily.